These samples were obtained from the Heidelberg Lung Biobank and came from both the cancerous part of the lungs and the surrounding healthy lung tissue. They also studied cells from the airways of healthy patients, which had been collected in a minimally invasive manner during a bronchoscopy examination performed to rule out lung cancer.
The rapidly spreading coronavirus prompted the researchers to take another look at these existing but so far unpublished data. In addition, the virus needs one or more cofactors for it to be able to penetrate cells. But which cells are endowed with such receptors and cofactors? Kahn and Marc A. Schneider discovered that certain progenitor cells in the bronchi are mainly responsible for producing the coronavirus receptors.
These progenitor cells normally develop into respiratory tract cells lined with hair-like projections called cilia that sweep mucus and bacteria out of the lungs.
An interesting additional finding of the study was that the ACE2 receptor density on the cells increased with age and was generally higher in men than in women.
However, he points out, "our sample sizes are still much too small to make conclusive statements, so we need to repeat the study in larger patient cohorts. Based on a high-performance technology solution designed by Intel, Dell developed a hardware and system architecture that reduced the processing time needed to sequence the 60, single cells.
Hannes Schwaderer, country manager of Intel Germany, explains: "There are many things we don't know about the coronavirus. This research project and the next steps require enormous computing resources. However, detailed mechanisms of this restriction remain obscure. Here, using cultures of differentiated human airway epithelial cells, we demonstrated that influenza viruses enter the airway epithelium through specific target cells and that there were striking differences in this respect between human and avian viruses.
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